‘DUTY’ AND ITS RELEVENCE IN SPIRITUALITY

 

Kambhampati Krishna Prasad

 

klaibyam maa sma gamah paartha

naitat tvayy upapadyate,

kshudram hrudaya-daurbalyam

tyaktvottistha parantapa.

                 ... Bhagavad-Gita (verse 3... Ch II)

 

“Yield not to impotence, O Partha! It does not befit thee. Cast off this mean weakness of heart! Stand up, O Paranthapa (O scorcher of foes)! “

 

This popular verse at the beginning of the chapter ‘Sankhya Yoga’ (Path of Knowledge) embraces the profound spirit and grandeur of the entire text of Bhagavad-Gita that  comprises of 700 verses.

 

Arjuna, the mighty Pandava prince, is overwhelmed with attachment (moha) and the resultant grief at the very sight of the army he was to fight and kill... comprised of his close kith and kin and his most revered teachers. He is thrown off his balance, feels badly shaken and awfully weak, loses his courage to fight, and forgets his prescribed (kshatriya) duty of restoration of dharma (ethical social order as prescribed and approved by the scriptures). He turns away from the war and resorts to escapist arguments. The invincible war hero now wants to renounce all his rights and duties, retire from his princely life, and take to an ascetic life style. Lord Krishna, having understood Arjuna’s dilemma, is trying to restore to him his lost courage and sense of duty, and persuade him to stand up and fight the war, by revealing to him his true divine nature.

 

Bhagavad-Gita, the quintessence of the Brahma-sutras and the Upanishads, is a profound philosophical classic that has stood the test of time. This outstanding sacred text gained its universal popularity, not merely because it is a scholarly exposition of the timeless Hindu spiritual philosophy, but also because it is an invaluable self-help treatise for the common man. Anyone who is in a dilemma as to how to handle a tough real-life situation can turn to the Gita and there one will find the most appropriate solution. Bhagavad Gita has inspired millions of men and women all over the world over the past two millennia.

 

The Mahabharata battle at Kurukshetra is synonymous to human life with its inevitable ups and downs, hopes and disappointments, pleasures and sorrows, successes and failures, and victories and defeats. One must carry on with one’s own prescribed duties, irrespective of all circumstantial odds and with no thought for the probable final outcome, thereby safeguarding dharma in the larger interests of society. Even blood-relationships cannot be allowed to come in the way of the discharge of these duties. Attachment (moha) to these worldly relationships is merely an illusion that arises out of maya, a product of ignorance (avidya). The unique human faculty... DISCRIMINATION (viveka), based on rigorous intellectual self-analysis and renunciation (vairagya), needs to be exercised in order to overcome the powerful effects of maya.

 

Freedom (from bondage) comes from a strong sense of detachment from the ephemeral world and worldliness. Fearlessness comes from the firm conviction that man, in reality, is NOT his physical body that is vulnerable to ageing, disease, and death, but that he is the pure and eternal soul.. Atman, which is gracefully ONE with Brahman... the omniscient, omnipresent, and omnipotent ultimate reality (concept of Atman according to the best accepted Advaita school of thought). These two mighty vedantic principles... FREEDOM and FEARLESSNESS together constitute the grand message of Bhagavad-Gita to all mankind.

 

Swami Vivekananda, the most notable Hindu Prophet of the modern era conveyed precisely the same message as the above verse, in his popular sayings...

 

STRENGTH IS LIFE AND ALL WEAKNESS IS DEATH.

WORK IS WORSHIP AND DUTY IS GOD.

ARISE! AWAKE! AND STOP NOT TILL THE GOAL IS REACHED!

 

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